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    <title>Nim by Example - Case Statements</title>

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<article>
    <h1 id="case-statements">Case Statements</h1>

    <p>Nim also supports case statements, which are like switches in other languages. There are several things to note
        here:</p>

    <ul>
        <li>You can use strings in the switch statement</li>
        <li>Sets and ranges of ordinal types are also usable</li>
        <li>case statements, like most things, are actually expressions</li>
        <li>It is required that every possible case be covered</li>
    </ul>

    <pre><code class="language-nimrod"><span class="k">case</span> <span class="s">"charlie"</span><span
            class="p">:</span>
  <span class="k">of</span> <span class="s">"alfa"</span><span class="p">:</span>
    <span class="n">echo</span> <span class="s">"A"</span>
  <span class="k">of</span> <span class="s">"bravo"</span><span class="p">:</span>
    <span class="n">echo</span> <span class="s">"B"</span>
  <span class="k">of</span> <span class="s">"charlie"</span><span class="p">:</span>
    <span class="n">echo</span> <span class="s">"C"</span>
  <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
    <span class="n">echo</span> <span class="s">"Unrecognized letter"</span>

<span class="k">case</span> <span class="sc">'h'</span><span class="p">:</span>
  <span class="k">of</span> <span class="sc">'a'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="sc">'e'</span><span
                class="p">,</span> <span class="sc">'i'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="sc">'o'</span><span
                class="p">,</span> <span class="sc">'u'</span><span class="p">:</span>
    <span class="n">echo</span> <span class="s">"Vowel"</span>
  <span class="k">of</span> <span class="sc">'</span><span class="se">\127</span><span class="sc">'</span><span
                class="p">..</span><span class="sc">'</span><span class="se">\255</span><span class="sc">'</span><span
                class="p">:</span>
    <span class="n">echo</span> <span class="s">"Unknown"</span>
  <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
    <span class="n">echo</span> <span class="s">"Consonant"</span>

<span class="k">proc </span><span class="nf">positiveOrNegative</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num</span><span
                class="p">:</span> <span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">):</span> <span
                class="kt">string</span> <span class="o">=</span>
  <span class="n">result</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">case</span> <span class="n">num</span><span
                class="p">:</span>
    <span class="k">of</span> <span class="n">low</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span
                class="p">)..</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span>
      <span class="s">"negative"</span>
    <span class="k">of</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">:</span>
      <span class="s">"zero"</span>
    <span class="k">of</span> <span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="n">high</span><span
                class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">):</span>
      <span class="s">"positive"</span>
    <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
      <span class="s">"impossible"</span>

<span class="n">echo</span> <span class="n">positiveOrNegative</span><span class="p">(</span><span
                class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span></code></pre>

    <pre><code class="language-console"><span class="gp">$</span> nim c -r ./case_stmts.nim
<span class="go">C</span>
<span class="go">Consonant</span>
<span class="go">negative</span></code></pre>

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